ABSTRACT
Objective:The expression of endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), chemokine [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and RANTES] in stenosis of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in hemodialysis patients and their correlation with basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF).Methods:From March 2018 to April 2019, 90 patients with end-stage renal disease were enrolled in this study. All patients were given the first autologous AVF surgery, and 45 patients with AVF loss were in group Ⅰ, 45 patients with normal AVF were in group Ⅱ. The thickness and area of intima and media were measured. The expression of growth factors was detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between serum b-FGF and the expression of growth factors was analyzed.Results:The thickness ratio and area ratio of intima to media in group Ⅰ were larger than those in group Ⅱ ( P<0.05). VEGF-A, MCP-1 and RANTES were strongly positive in group Ⅰ and weakly positive in group Ⅱ. The expression levels of serum b-FGF, serum and tissue VEGF-A, MCP-1 and RANTES in group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅱ ( P<0.05). Serum b-FGF levels in group Ⅰ were positively correlated with serum levels of VEGF-A, MCP-1 and RANTES ( r=0.794, 0.523, 0.576, P<0.05), while serum b-FGF levels in group Ⅱ were not significantly correlated with serum levels of VEGF-A, MCP-1 and RANTES ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Serum b-FGF may play an important role in venous intimal hyperplasia by mediating the over expression of VEGF-A, MCP-1 and RANTES.
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BACKGROUND:The siphon of internal carotid artery is a complex of bending and surrounding structure, which has become a research hot in the field of medical imaging and regional anatomy. There is little research on the hemodynamics of internal carotid artery. Finite element analysis provides the basis for the related dynamics research. OBJECTIVE:To explicit the hemodynamic characteristics of the normal and stenosis internal carotid artery, and to explore the relevant influential factors. METHODS:Finite element model of the siphon of internal carotid artery was built based on 64-slice spiral CT data, and then, three-dimensional models were constructed using Mimics 10.01 software. There were simulations of the normal and post-stenosis blood flows with ANSYS 13.0 CFX software, to observe the changes of hemodynamics, and to analyze their characteristics and differences. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The normal blood flow at the siphon of internal carotid artery was in a laminar state, but rotation and turbulent flow formed at the two angle regions. The velocity of external bending zone was slower than that of the internal. The slower was the velocity, the more obvious was the turbulence. The wal shear force decreased at the angle regions, and the wal shear force of external bending zone was smal er than that of the internal. At the region of arterial stenosis, the blood flow was sped, and at the downstream, turbulent flow and low zone of wal shear force were formed. With the increase of stenosis severity, the turbulent flow and low wal shear force area were expanded. Central stenosis showed more obvious effects than the eccentric one. The degree of stenosis and bending at the siphon of internal carotid artery can directly influence the formation of turbulent flow and low wal shear force area, which are more obvious at the external bending zone and central stenosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine glycyrrhizic acid content in Gankang Granules by HPLC.Methods: HPLC analysis was carried out with C 18 column and methanol acetic acid water (65∶5∶30) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 250nm.Results: The linear range was 9.78～58.68 ?g( r=0.9999 n=6) . The average recovery was 98.40%, RSD was 0.88%. Conclusion: The method is simple, reliable and sensitive. It can be used in quality control of Gankang Granules.